The hokkaido, once known as 'ainu', originates from medium-sized japanese dogs brought from Honshu to Hokkaïdo (two of the japanese islands). When the breed was proclaimed a national symbol in 1937 it was renamed in japanese, from ainou (after the people who kept the breed, as a hunter) to the name of the island. It is still found there today, living outside even during the hardest storm and working as an excellent watch dog.

The hokkaido is a medium size, somewhat rectangular, strong and muscular breed. The head is relatively broad with well developed muzzle and marked stop. The ears are quite small and triangular. The neck is strong and dry. The back is straight, with a deep chest and a clearly visible tuck up. The tail is set high, thick and carried over the back. The coat is hard and straight to the touch, longer on the tail.